Situación actual de la cirugía endocrina en régimen ambulatorio en España. Revisión sistemática de la literatura existente / Current situation of outpatient endocrine surgery in spain. Systematic review of the existing literature

En los últimos 20 años la cirugía en régimen ambulatorio se ha impuesto como una realidad cotidiana. Se ha convertido en un estándar para ciertas cirugías en casos seleccionados. La cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea han sido unos de los procedimientos que se han implantado en muchas unidades de CMA, pero todavía hay reticencias a su realización y no existen muchas publicaciones al respecto en el ámbito nacional. Por ello, revisamos la literatura publicada en revistas indexadas respecto a la cirugía tiroidea y paratiroidea en régimen ambulatorio en España en los últimos 20 años (AU)

In the last 20 years ambulatory surgery has established itself as a daily reality. It has become a standard for certain surgeries in selected cases. Thyroid and parathyroid surgery have been one of the procedures that have been implemented in many units, but there is still reluctance to carry them out and there are not many publications on the matter at the national level. For this reason, we reviewed the literature published in indexed journals regarding thyroid and parathyroid surgery in outpatient settings in Spain in the last 20 years (AU)

Experiencia inicial en la radiolocalización intraoperatoria del adenoma paratiroideo con freehand SPECT y valoración comparativa con gammacámara portátil / Initial experience in intraoperative radiolocalization of the parathyroid adenoma with freehand SPECT and comparative assessment with portable gamma-camera

Presentamos nuestra experiencia inicial con freehand SPECT en la radiolocalización intraoperatoria del adenoma paratiroideo en 2 pacientes, uno de ellos mediastínico. Existe solo una publicación anterior de 3 pacientes con adenomas en localización paratiroidea habitual. Aportamos además por primera vez una valoración comparativa de resultados con gammacámara portátil en la misma intervención. Se obtuvieron imágenes con gammacámara portátil y reconstrucción 3 D con freehand SPECT en qui- rófano desde 15 min tras administración iv de 5 mCi de 99m Tc-MIBI, localizándose los 2 adenomas con ambos equipos, comprobando la actividad de la pieza extirpada y ausencia de captación significativa en el lecho postexéresis, con confirmación mediante PTH intraoperatoria pre- y postextirpación, anatomía patológica y seguimiento clínico durante 10 meses. Aunque con ambos equipos se consiguió la localiza- ción intraoperatoria correcta de los adenomas paratiroideos y confirmación de su extirpación, freehand SPECT aportó adicionalmente la profundidad (mm) del adenoma respecto al borde cutáneo, muy útil en cirugía radioguiada mínimamente invasiva (AU)

Initial experience is presented by using freehand SPECT in the intraoperative radiolocalization of a parathyroid adenoma in 2 patients, one which was mediastinal. There is only one previous publication including 3 patients with parathyroid adenomas in usual parathyroid localizations. We also report for the first time a comparative assessment of results with portable gammacamera during the same surgery. In the operating room, we obtained images with portable gamma-camera and 3 D reconstruction with freehand SPECT from 15 min after iv injection of 5 mCi of 99m Tc-MIBI. Both devices enabled the 2 adenomas to be detected intraoperatively, as well as checking activity of the excised gland and absence of significant uptake in surgical bed, with confirmation by intraoperative pre-postsurgical PTH levels, pathology and clinical follow-up for 10 months. Both devices accurately located the parathyroid adenomas intraopera- tively, as well as confirmation of their extirpation, but freehand SPECT provided additional information of adenoma depth (mm) from the skin border, very useful for minimally invasive radio-guided surgery (AU)

[Initial experience in intraoperative radiolocalization of the parathyroid adenoma with freehand SPECT and comparative assessment with portable gamma-camera]. / Experiencia inicial en la radiolocalización intraoperatoria del adenoma paratiroideo con freehand SPECT y valoración comparativa con gammacámara portátil.

Initial experience is presented by using freehand SPECT in the intraoperative radiolocalization of a parathyroid adenoma in 2 patients, one which was mediastinal. There is only one previous publication including 3 patients with parathyroid adenomas in usual parathyroid localizations. We also report for the first time a comparative assessment of results with portable gammacamera during the same surgery. In the operating room, we obtained images with portable gamma-camera and 3 D reconstruction with freehand SPECT from 15 min after iv injection of 5 mCi of (99m)Tc-MIBI. Both devices enabled the 2 adenomas to be detected intraoperatively, as well as checking activity of the excised gland and absence of significant uptake in surgical bed, with confirmation by intraoperative pre-postsurgical PTH levels, pathology and clinical follow-up for 10 months. Both devices accurately located the parathyroid adenomas intraoperatively, as well as confirmation of their extirpation, but freehand SPECT provided additional information of adenoma depth (mm) from the skin border, very useful for minimally invasive radio-guided surgery.

Aportación de la gammagrafía intraoperatoria en la detección del adenoma paratiroideo intratiroideo / Contribution of intraoperative scintigraphy to the detection of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma

Los adenomas paratiroideos intratiroideos (API) representan una causa rara de hiperparatiroidismo primario cuya localización dificulta la adecuada extirpación quirúrgica. Presentamos el caso de una paciente diagnosticada de adenoma paratiroideo por gammagrafía prequirúrgica en la que finalmente durante la paratiroidectomía la localización de la lesión fue intratiroidea. Consideramos que la aportación de la gammagrafía paratiroidea intraquirúrgica con 99mTc-MIBI mediante gammacámara portátil es muy útil en la extirpación de los adenomas paratiroideos e imprescindible en el caso concreto de los API (AU)

The intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas (IPA) represent a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism whose location difficults appropriate surgical removal. We present the case of a patient diagnosed of parathyroid adenoma by presurgical scintigraphy in which finally during the parathyroidectomy, the lesion location was intrathyroidal. We consider that the intrasurgical parathyroid scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI by portable gammacamera is useful in the parathyroid adenomas removal and essential in the case of IPA (AU)

[Contribution of intraoperative scintigraphy to the detection of intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma]. / Aportación de la gammagrafía intraoperatoria en la detección del adenoma paratiroideo intratiroideo.

The intrathyroidal parathyroid adenomas (IPA) represent a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism whose location difficults appropriate surgical removal. We present the case of a patient diagnosed of parathyroid adenoma by presurgical scintigraphy in which finally during the parathyroidectomy, the lesion location was intrathyroidal. We consider that the intrasurgical parathyroid scintigraphy with (99m)Tc-MIBI by portable gammacamera is useful in the parathyroid adenomas removal and essential in the case of IPA.

Preoperative weight loss in patients with indication of bariatric surgery: which is the best method?

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the only effective treatment for people with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 Kg/m² or even greater than 35 Kg/m² when some diseases like diabetes or hypertension appear. In order to minimize surgical risk and improve postoperative results, preoperative preparation it's very important. "Acute" preoperative weight loss just before surgery plays a crucial role in that preparation and can be achieved through different ways like a low calorie diet, a very low calorie diet or with the use of an intragastric balloon. The advantages or particularities of every one of them will be summarized in this article. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature review of the benefits, risks and complications of preoperative weight loss through a low calorie diet, a very low calorie diet or intragastric balloon placement. RESULTS: Seven of thirteen initially selected reports from Medline search were considered relevant, including a total 371 patients (240 patients treated with low calorie diet, 90 with very low calorie diet and 41 cases of intragastric balloon placement). We found that weight loss was greater in patients with very low calorie diets and intragastric balloon groups but with a slightly increase in morbidity and cost. CONCLUSION: Although there are no comparative studies, data from the literature results show that diets very low in calories are more effective and require less time than low-calorie diets and cheaper with fewer side effects than the intragastric balloon.

Neumoperitoneos no quirúrgicos: una difícil decisión terapéutica / Nonsurgical pneumoperitoneum: a difficult therapeutic decision

La presencia de neumoperitoneo por perforación visceral conlleva en la mayoría de casos la realización de una laparotomía diagnóstico-terapéutica. A continuación se presentan cuatro casos de neumoperitoneos "no quirúrgicos", tres de los cuales fueron manejados de forma expectante al no detectar por exploraciones radiológicas la presencia de perforación. Se discute la etiopatogenia del neumoperitoneo y los criterios de tratamiento no quirúrgico de aquellos pacientes ventilados artificialmente y con neumoperitoneos secundarios a traumatismos abdominales cerrados y iatrogénicos postendoscopia (AU)